Prehospital Evidence Based Practice
Home Introduction PEP Database Methods FAQs What's New PEP Productivity PEP Impact Appraisers Make a Suggestion Covid-19 Corner Paramedic Evidence Based Practice Course Links of Interest Contact Us Disclaimer Search Methods Methods schematic Study Appraisal Sheet Direction of Evidence/ Level / Outcomes Intervention Recommendations Guidelines Appraisal PEP Terms of Reference Recommendation Changes New Interventions Added Papers Currently Under Review Rapid Reviews State of the Evidence Reviews Presentations Publications Publications Citing PEP Meet our Appraisers Appraiser Login On-Line Course In-Person Course Mini Cat Bank Paramedic Mini-Cat Bank After forming a clinical query & evaluating the relevant evidence, learners from the Paramedic-Evidence Based Practice Course write a CAT - a Critically Appraised Topic. Mini-CATs are 1-2 page concise synopses on paramedic care. A second party appraiser partners with the author to evaluate the CAT. Their mini-CAT will become part of this Paramedic CAT bank. The CAT Bank is a learning resource for all paramedics to search and refer to. Paramedic mini-CATs are evidence-based clinical appraisals. Topic Title Author Date Added AAJT Effectiveness of Abdominal Aortic Junctional Tourniquet (AAJT) Application in the Pre-Hospital Environment H Bouchard, D. Long, D. Sperber Nov 18, 2025 Adverse Events Paramedics insert ‘dirty’ IVs Helene Hansen Nov 29, 2021 Airway Management Efficacy and Safety of Magnesium Sulphate in Acute Asthma Exacerbation in Children ACP Students, Holland College Sept, 2025 Sep 12, 2025 Airway Management The outcomes of using CPAP vs. BPAPA on CHF patients. PCP Students, Oulton College April 2025 Apr 09, 2025 Airway Management The Use of Ketamine Only Breathing Intubation vs Rapid Sequence Intubation in First Pass Intubation Success Without Hemodynamic Compromise JIBC ACPs Oct 30/Nov 1 23 Nov 27, 2023 Airway Management Is using a metered dose inhaler and spacer (MDI+S) superior to using a nebulizer when delivering Ventolin? ACPs Medavie Health ED Nov 07, 2023 Airway Management Magill Forceps Use In FBAO ACP Holland Collefe Sept 2023 Sep 11, 2023 Airway Management Prehospital supraglottic airway placement by paramedics: Does it improve outcome in paediatric trauma patients? Liam Levy Nov 29, 2021 Airway Management Prehospital First-Pass Success Rate of Intubations using Video Laryngoscopy (VL) compared to Direct Laryngoscopy (DL) Haugh, Nadeau, King, Forgie, Lepp, Klingner, ACP Nov 17, 2021 Airway Management Pre-hospital Use of Abdominal Thrusts to Treat FBAO Nicholas Demers, PCP Student, Fanshawe College Mar 11, 2021 Airway Management Advanced Airway Management in medical OOHCA: a comparison between Supraglottic Airways (SGA), Endotracheal Intubation (ETI) and Survival JIBC, ACP Students, February 2021 Feb 10, 2021 Airway Management The Efficacy of Endotracheal Intubation compared to Supraglottic Airways Mark Debrouwer, PCP Student, Fanshawe Mar 25, 2020 Airway Management How is mortality affected in patients who are sedated prior to intubation when they have a significantly decreased GCS? Heather Johnston, ACP Student, BC Feb 24, 2020 Airway Management In prehospital patients undergoing endotracheal intubation by EMS, does the use of a bougie on first attempts lead to improved survival when compared with the use of a stylet and ET tube. Frans Kouwenhoven, ACP Student Feb 19, 2020 Airway Management Advanced care paramedic intubation with the use of neuromuscular blockers (RSI) vs intubation without the use of neuromuscular blockers and associated success rates. Colin MacEachern, ACP Student, Holland College Dec 12, 2019 Airway Management Delayed sequence intubation is superior to rapid sequence intubation in the hypoxic patient Paige McCartney Dec 10, 2019 Airway Management Video-assisted laryngoscopy has a greater success rate than direct laryngoscopy Troy Reid Nov 13, 2019 Airway Management Endotracheal Intubation versus supraglottic airway placement in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest Morag MacDonald Aug 28, 2018 Airway Management Assessing the Safety and Success Rate of Pre-Hospital Rapid Sequence Intubation When Performed by Non-Physician Health Care Providers. Anthony Kowalczyk Aug 27, 2018 Airway Management RSI vs. non-RSI in pre-hospital first-pass success rates Casey Forslund Aug 27, 2018 Airway Management Prehospital Endotracheal Intubation in patients who have sustained a traumatic brain injury Mark Grady Aug 27, 2018 Airway Management Endotracheal intubation following the bag valve mask (BVM) when assisting ventilations for a pediatric patient. Martha Helmers Aug 27, 2018 Airway Management The use of video laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy by paramedics in the pre-hospital setting Caleb Cummings Aug 27, 2018 Airway Management Prehospital Intubation Securing Methods Alex Shaw ACP student: 2014 Jun 18, 2014 Airway Management Pre-hospital Rediatric Endotracheal Intubation Lindsay McDonald, Resident;EMS rotation Sep 23, 2013 Airway Management Effectiveness of Disposable ETCO2 Devices in Confirming Airway Placement Kirk Steeves Sep 23, 2013 Airway Management Paramedic-administered RSI for airway management in trauma patients. Lawrence Briand ACP Sep 23, 2013 Airway Management The impact of endotracheal tube holders in the pre-hospital setting on tube placement upon arrival at the ED. Ryan Brown PCP Nova Scotia Sep 15, 2009 Airway Management The use of endotracheal intubation for prehospital patients with severe head injury. Alishia Ivany PCP Nova Scotia Mar 25, 2009 Airway Management Impact of single-use disposable versus metallic reusable laryngoscope blades on first attempt intubation in the adult respiratory arrest pre-hospital patients Francine Dillon ACP Nova Scotia Mar 18, 2009 Analgesia Is Fentanyl better than Morphine better than Ketamine for the management of pain in burn patients Jasmin Perry Nov 29, 2021 Analgesia Prehospital pain reduction: A comparison between the analgesic effects of ketamine, morphine and fentanyl in traumatic injuries Iszijah Jones Dec 11, 2020 Analgesia Ketamine vs Fentanyl (A comparison of safety and effective analgesia) Allan Kaizer, ACP Student, Holland College Dec 12, 2019 Analgesia Safety and effectiveness of the use of Nitrous Oxide as analgesia for Primary Care Paramedics in the prehospital setting Adrian Charron Aug 27, 2018 Analgesia Physical and mental recovery with prehospital administration of narcotic analgesia in patients suffering from fractures Scott Hoyt, BA, ACP Aug 27, 2018 Analgesia Physical and mental recovery with prehospital administration of narcotic analgesia in patients suffering from fractures. Scott Hoyt, BA, ACP Sep 16, 2014 Analgesia In the prehospital patient population, does adjunctive use of low dose ketamine with a narcotic provide equal or better analgesia with an acceptable side effect profile? Nicholas Sowers, Resident EMS rotation Sep 23, 2013 Analgesia Comparing the administration of Intranasal Fentanyl to the traditional standard of care, Intravenous Morphine. Robert A. Volpe BA, PCP(f), DHSA(Cand.) Sep 23, 2013 Analgesia Dosage parameters for morphine Stephen Leadlay ACP Sep 23, 2013 Analgesia Treatment Options in Prehospital Analgesia Stephen Leadlay ACP Sep 23, 2013 Analgesia Delay in prehospital analgesia means longer delay in ER analgesia Stephen Leadlay ACP Sep 23, 2013 Analgesia Tylenol use for the Treatment of Febrile Adults by Triage Paramedics. Jen Greene ACP Sep 23, 2013 Analgesia The Use of Inhaled Methoxyflurane in the Prehospital Setting Matthew Morin PCP Sep 23, 2013 Arrhythmia Slowing it down, comparing Adenosine to Calcium Channel Blockers for treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardias Keith Ebbett, CCP Nova Scotia Sep 17, 2024 Arrhythmia Intravenous Adenosine Versus Intravenous Calcium Channel Antagonist for the Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardia. Adam Fillier, ACP Student, Holland College Feb 21, 2020 Burns Paramedics cannot accurately estimate burns and total body surface area (TBSA). Chloe Ann Bourke Subbi Nov 13, 2019 Burns Prehospital Utilization of the Parkland Burn Formula Chelsea Greene Aug 27, 2018 Cardiac Arrest Administration of Nitroglycerin in Inferior STEMI patients SB, JV, SR, LF ACP Medavie Jan 26 Jan 20, 2026 Cardiac Arrest Combat casualties in Traumatic Cardiac Arrest due to hemorrhagic shock at forward surgical stabilization sites in the Ukraine Androshchuk et al. 2025 Nov 18, 2025 Cardiac Arrest Amiodarone versus lidocaine administration for shock refractory ventricular tachycardia in out of hospital cardiac arrest: effects on mortality Camille Vine, ACP JIBC Oct 2025 Nov 14, 2025 Cardiac Arrest Feasibility of Remote Cannulation for ECMO ORNGE ACP Nov 2025 JL JC Nov 14, 2025 Cardiac Arrest Using POCUS to Support Field Termination Decisions in Cardiac Arrest ORNGE ACP Students KW SS JM Nov 06, 2025 Cardiac Arrest A Closer Look at Zoll’s Auto Pulse Device: A comparison Of The Use Of The Auto Pulse, Standard Practice And Lucas Device In Cardiac Arrest Patients. Savannah A, Taylor D, Danika N, Colin G. Holland Sep 10, 2025 Cardiac Arrest Comparing IO to IV for Vascular Access in Pre-hospital Patients Experiencing Cardiac Arrest JIBC ACP Students, March 2025 Apr 17, 2025 Cardiac Arrest Defibrillation Strategies for Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest JIBC ACP Students March 2025 Apr 17, 2025 Cardiac Arrest Mechanical vs. Manual CPR in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest ACP, Holland March 2025 Mar 26, 2025 Cardiac Arrest Effects of Opioids on treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome R. Hardy, M. Rose, R. Serviss ACP Medavie Dec24 Jan 06, 2025 Cardiac Arrest Evidence for the benefits of refractory ventricular fibrillation ACPs Holland College, October 2024 Oct 15, 2024 Cardiac Arrest Neurological Outcomes of Prehospital Cardiac Arrests: Supraglottic Airways versus Intubation JIBC ACPs Oct 30/Nov 1 23 Nov 27, 2023 Cardiac Arrest Prehospital nitroglycerin administration in acute coronary syndrome. Medavie ACP October 2023 Oct 18, 2023 Cardiac Arrest Calcium Channel Blockers Vs. Adenosine ACP Students Medavie Sept23 Oct 03, 2023 Cardiac Arrest The effectiveness of mechanical CPR devices versus hands-on CPR in pre-hospital adult cardiac arrest ACP Students Medavie Sept23 Oct 03, 2023 Cardiac Arrest Dual sequential external cardiac defibrillation for refractory VF/pVT in OHCA ACP Holland College Sept 2023 Sep 21, 2023 Cardiac Arrest Use of Beta-2 agonists in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Pulmonary Edema. ACP Holland College Sept 2023 Sep 11, 2023 Cardiac Arrest Investigation of adverse effects associated with the use of nitrates in right ventricular myocardial infarction ACP Cohort, JIBC Dec 19, 2022 Cardiac Arrest Prehospital IV Bolus-dose NTG for Pulmonary Edema Russ Lyster Jun 06, 2022 Cardiac Arrest Patient Outcomes in Relation to the Administration of Epinephrine in Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrests Jenna Schade, PCP Student, Fanshawe, College Mar 28, 2022 Cardiac Arrest Manual CPR vs. Mechanical CPR on Cardiac Arrest Patient Outcomes Sam O’Neil, PCP Student, Fanshawe College Mar 28, 2022 Cardiac Arrest Effectiveness of Mechanical CPR in the Pre-Hospital Setting Nicholas Di Cecco, PCP Student, Fanshawe College Mar 28, 2022 Cardiac Arrest The effectiveness of mechanical CPR in a prehospital setting. Holland College ACP Students (4) Mar 15, 2022 Cardiac Arrest Mechanical vs Manual compressions Nguyen, Gallant, Amirault, Lees, ACP Students Nov 29, 2021 Cardiac Arrest Continuous compressions vs interrupted compressions in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Colpitts, Menzies, Woodyard, Dorion, Selig, Ward Nov 17, 2021 Cardiac Arrest Adenosine versus calcium channel antagonists for treatment of supraventricular tachycardia Reese, Ryan, Michael, Matthew, Nic, Sarah, ACP Nov 17, 2021 Cardiac Arrest Treatment-Seeking Delay in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients of sexual or ethnically diverse groups Kyle Boismier, PCP Student, Fanshawe Mar 11, 2021 Cardiac Arrest The Effect of Prehospital Therapeutic Hypothermia on Cardiac Arrest Outcome Jad Hakim, PCP Student, Fanshawe Mar 11, 2021 Cardiac Arrest Post-resuscitation effects of administration of Epinephrine during a cardiac arrest Melanie Fong, PCP Student, Fanshawe Mar 11, 2021 Cardiac Arrest Cardiac Arrest Shuta Ando, PCP Student, Fanshawe Mar 11, 2021 Cardiac Arrest The Effectiveness of Therapeutic Hypothermia on Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients Prasanti Mahendrarajah, PCP Student, Fanshawe Mar 11, 2021 Cardiac Arrest Standard Valsalva vs. Modified Valsalva for Treatment of SVT Sarah Aszalos, PCP Student, Fanshawe Mar 11, 2021 Cardiac Arrest Portable ECMO in the pre-hospital setting Lisa Marie Baillette Dec 11, 2020 Cardiac Arrest Mechanical CPR vs. Manual CPR of Cardiac Arrest Patients Rylee Evans, PCP Student, Fanshawe Mar 25, 2020 Cardiac Arrest Early IV epinephrine in OCHA presenting in VF/VT Alexander Hurst, ACP Student, BC Feb 21, 2020 Cardiac Arrest The comparison of bag valve mask ventilation device vs Tracheal Intubation in out of hospital cardiorespiratory arrest Hugh Spalla, ACP Student, Holland College Feb 10, 2020 Cardiac Arrest Single Syringe administration of Adenosine for SVT Cari Evenson-Carleton, ACP Student, Saskatoon Dec 19, 2019 Cardiac Arrest Efficacy and safety of prehospital diltiazem to treat rapid ventricular response associated with atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Christopher Draper, ACP Student, Holland College Dec 12, 2019 Cardiac Arrest Procainamide vs Amiodarone for the conversion of Stable Ventricular Tachycardia Joshua Caldwell, ACP Student, Holland College Dec 12, 2019 Cardiac Arrest Continuous compressions and positive resuscitation outcomes Brianna Wilson Apr 12, 2019 Cardiac Arrest Interposed Abdominal Compression CPR David Egier, ACP Ontario Mar 01, 2019 Cardiac Arrest To transport or not to transport; The story of prehospital ECMO vs ED ECMO Daniel Carvalho, ACP Student Dec 11, 2018 Cardiac Arrest The prehospital use of epinephrine in cardiac arrest. Natalie Robillard, ACP Student Dec 11, 2018 Cardiac Arrest Prehospital Point of Care (POC) testing in ischemic chest pain Lyon Kengis, ACP Student Dec 11, 2018 Cardiac Arrest Is machine really better than man; out of hospital use of CPR device in cardiac arrest Justin Hynes, ACP Student Dec 11, 2018 Cardiac Arrest Prehospital administration of Naloxone during cardiac arrest due to suspected opioid overdose Chantal Samson Aug 28, 2018 Cardiac Arrest Mechanical CPR Vs. Manual CPR Pre-Hospital Colton Schwindt Aug 28, 2018 Cardiac Arrest Manual Vs Mechanical CPR and survivability Pre-Hospital Steven Spinney Aug 28, 2018 Cardiac Arrest Mechanical CPR Devices Versus Manual CPR Jordan Miller Aug 28, 2018 Cardiac Arrest Survival of prehospital cardiac arrest patients without return of spontaneous circulation on scene Isabelle Love Aug 28, 2018 Cardiac Arrest Measuring Neurological Outcomes in Mechanical CPR versus Standard CPR Brian Oliver Aug 28, 2018 Cardiac Arrest Outcomes of out-of-hospital defibrillation: manual vs. automatic defibrillators Tanner Poor Aug 28, 2018 Cardiac Arrest Pre-hospital survival outcomes of patients suffering from a cardiac arrest treated with hypothermic therapy. Yasin Kanani Aug 27, 2018 Cardiac Arrest Epinephrine: Lifesaving or Not? Spenser Kean Aug 27, 2018 Cardiac Arrest Success Rates Between Tibial and Humeral Intraosseous During Cardiac Arrest Michelle Harnish Aug 27, 2018 Cardiac Arrest Prehospital double sequential defibrillation Jack Hayward Aug 27, 2018 Cardiac Arrest Epinephrine in Cardiac Arrests and Neurological Outcomes Post Return of Spontaneous Circulation. Eric Demers Aug 27, 2018 Cardiac Arrest Does Mechanical Compressions Provide Better Quality CPR Than Manual Compressions During Prehospital Transportation? Melissa French Aug 27, 2018 Cardiac Arrest Efficacy of mechanical CPR devices versus manual CPR techniques on survival outcomes Jonathan Gorham Aug 27, 2018 Cardiac Arrest Effects of increasing angle of patient positioning while performing CPR on perfusion. Scott Bernaerts Aug 27, 2018 Cardiac Arrest The Use of Cardiac Ultrasound by Paramedics During Pre-hospital Cardiac Arrests Michael Brock Aug 27, 2018 Cardiac Arrest Use of Double Sequential Defibrillation in Prehospital Cardiac Arrest Chris Alton Aug 27, 2018 Cardiac Arrest Mechanical CPR Devices. Adam Fisher, PCP Sep 16, 2014 Cardiac Arrest Determining the correct initial intervention: The relationship between early defibrillation and prolonged downtime for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (CA) patients. Mathieu Haché, ACP Sep 16, 2014 Cardiac Arrest Addition of an Anti-Arrhythmic to Cardiac Arrest/Resuscitation Sequence Jonathan Hesler ACP student: 2014 Jun 18, 2014 Cardiac Arrest Manual CPR Vs. Mechanical CPR Meghan Beals PCP Jan 13, 2014 Cardiac Arrest Does bystander CPR increase survival rates in sudden cardiac arrest Jeff Waring Sep 23, 2013 Cardiac Arrest Waveform Capnography for ROSC Michel Gravel Sep 23, 2013 Cardiac Arrest The efficacy of mechanical compression devices versus standard CPR in the pre-hospital setting Karen Lutz ACP Sep 23, 2013 Cardiac Arrest Outcomes of prehospital resuscitation of traumatic vs. medical cardiac arrest patients Madeleine Böhrer PCP Sep 23, 2013 Cardiac Arrest Prehospital Arrest Cooling Methods Jen Greene ACP Nova Scotia Aug 01, 2012 Cardiac Arrest Precordial Thump in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OOHCA) Jan Jensen ACP Nova Scotia Mar 18, 2009 Cardiac Care In Patients Experiencing ST-Elevated MI, Does Administering Tenecteplase (TNK) in a Prehospital Setting Compared to Administration In-Hospital Improve the Chance of Survival for the Patient? ACP Cohort - Oulton College March 2024 Apr 02, 2024 Cardiac Care Pre-Hospital use of therapeutic beta-blocker in ACS patients Phil McCormick, ACP Student Dec 11, 2018 Cardiac Care Nitroglycerin treatment’s effect on mortality in patients experiencing AMI. Taylor Poirier Aug 28, 2018 Cardiac Care Pre-hospital thrombolysis and reduction of time to treatment in stroke patients David Lubberts Aug 28, 2018 Cardiac Care Prehospital use of IV vs SL nitrates for treatment of pain in patients presenting with ACS Colton LeBlanc, PCP (ACP student) Aug 27, 2018 Cardiac Care Adenosine given to WPW patients Kyle Cunningham ACP student: 2014 Jun 18, 2014 Cardiac Care Prehospital analgesia in the presence of suspected ACS Stefan Zueff ACP student: 2014 Jun 18, 2014 Cardiac Care Pre-hospital Management of Unstable Angina; Sub-lingual Nitro vs.IV Nitro. Bruce Cruickshank Sep 23, 2013 Cervical Collars Cervical Collars cause harm; it’s time to update our practice. Caleb Bergquist, ACP Student, Medavie Health ED Jan 05, 2026 Cervical Collars Risks/benefits of prehospital cervical spine immobilization in trauma patients Mike Gomes, ACP Student, Medavie Health Ed Jan 05, 2026 Cervical Collars Cervical collars, do they cause more harm than good? Amanda White, ACP Student, Medavie Health Ed Dec 18, 2025 Charting Does EMS Charting Accuracy Improve with Electronic Reporting? Philip Crowell Sep 23, 2013 Commnity Paramedicine Community Paramedics are effective in delivering low acuity trauma care. Arin Ginn Nov 29, 2021 COPD The role of Magnesium sulfate in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). ACOP Students, Holland College, April 2025 Apr 09, 2025 COPD Does pre-hospital magnesium sulfate decrease length of hospital stay for COPD patients? Trey Fitzgerald, CCP Nova Scotia Sep 17, 2024 COPD Pre-Hospital Use of Steroids for COPD Patients Emily MacLeod, CCP Nova Scotia Sep 17, 2024 CPR Does Mechanical CPR result in increased survival rates and improved neurological outcomes over manual CPR. Matt White, PCP, Medavie Health Ed Dec 16, 2025 Dislocations Prehospital Reduction of Dislocations Tara Wister, PCP Student, Fanshawe College Mar 28, 2022 Dispatch Effectiveness of CPR instruction via Emergency Medical Dispatchers Jennifer Rose Sep 23, 2013 Education Paramedic Preparedness Involving Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) Sonja De Bruyn, ACP Student, Fanshawe May 26, 2020 Education Basic infection control knowledge and adherence in primary care paramedics Meghan Lysko, PCP Student, Fanshawe Mar 25, 2020 Education Nutrition Education for Paramedics Justin Shaver Apr 12, 2019 Education Paramedic’s recognition of victims of human trafficking Jessica Coulombe Apr 12, 2019 Education Can EMS learn to use Portable Ultrasound? Justin Kirkpatrick Aug 27, 2018 Education Evaluation utilizing “think aloud” strategies Laura Cole ACP Sep 23, 2013 Education Efficacy of Online Leaarning of Procedural Skills Amber Humes ACP Sep 23, 2013 EENT Will the prehospital topical administration of injectable Tranexamic acid decrease time to hemostasis and reduce the occurrence of rebleeding in adult patients experiencing epistaxis? Zach Fitzsimmons PCP Nov 22, 2017 Environmental The impact of fatigue on emergency medical services PCP Students, Oulton College, April 2025 Apr 09, 2025 Environmental Prehospital Moderate Hypothermia Management with Simple Invasive Active Internal Rewarming. Holly Lidstone, PCP Sep 16, 2014 Extended Care Alleviating Emergency Department Strain: The Use of Extended Care Paramedics (ECPs) in the Pre-Hospital Setting Amy Winters Aug 28, 2018 Extended Care The interactions between paramedics and homeless patients and the implications on patient care provided Alyson Cochrane Aug 27, 2018 Geriatric Care Paramedic student preparation for working with geriatric patients Meredith Rimmer, PCP Student, Fanshawe Mar 25, 2020 Geriatric Care Risk of Falls in LTC secondary to Medications Peter Rose ACP Sep 23, 2013 GI Gravols Efficacy on Actively Vomiting Patients JIBC Cohort Oct/Nov 2023 Nov 15, 2023 GI Using Metoclopramide versus Dimenhydrinate in the presence of opioid induced nausea or nausea and vomiting Charles Lavers Oct 31, 2019 GI Treating nausea in the pre‐hospital setting, Zofran vs. Gravol. Kendra MacKenzie, PCP Sep 16, 2014 GI Ondansetron wafers for the Treatment of Nausea by Paramedics in Triage Jen Greene ACP Sep 23, 2013 Hemorrhage Efficacy of Blakemore Tube in Achieving Hemostasis for Patients With Uncontrolled Esophageal Variceal Bleeding Joel Connolly, CCPP Student Dec 07, 2021 Hemorrhage Stop the bleeding - pharmacological options for variceal bleeding Ryan Fitzpatrick, CCPP Student Dec 07, 2021 Immobilization Adverse Events Relating to Prolonged Hard Collar Immobilisation Team Off-Collar, ACP Group Dec 06, 2022 Immobilization Study of neck flexion with rigid collar vs soft collar; are there any benefits to patient comfort with soft collar use Arlin Mundell, ACP Student, Saskatoon Dec 12, 2019 Immobilization Is the Kendrick Extrication Device making a difference in patient outcome ? Ray DeCock, ACP Sep 16, 2014 Immobilization Formation of Pressure Ulcers in Patients that require Spinal Immobilization. Stephen Ryan, PCP Sep 16, 2014 Immobilization Scoop stretcher vs. Long backboard in patients with suspected spinal injury. Stephanie Camp, PCP Sep 16, 2014 Immobilization Utility of Spinal Board Immobilization in Minor Trauma Tyler Johnston, PGY4, FRCP EM Residency Sep 23, 2013 Immobilization Utility of Spinal Board Immobilization in Minor Trauma Tyler Johnston, PGY4, FRCP EM Residency Sep 23, 2013 Immobilization Comparison of scoop stretcher vs. backboard for immobilization of suspected hip fractures Lorne Pierce PCP (ACP student) Nova Scotia Nov 13, 2009 Infectious Disease Incidence of infectious control procedures by paramedics vs. expected infectious control standards Brooklynne Hertner, PCP Student, Fanshawe Mar 25, 2020 Infectious Disease Implementation of current infectious control practices in Paramedics Marisa Ramalho, PCP Student, Fanshawe Mar 25, 2020 IPV - Intimate Partner Violance Paramedics in a supportive role for Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) victims Hashini Puwakgolle Mudiyanselage, Fanshawe College Mar 28, 2022 IV Access Strategies to improve IV start success by paramedics in paediatric trauma patients Tara Jackson Nov 29, 2021 LGBTQ LGBTQ+ Education for Paramedics Jenna Desilva, PCP Student, Fanshawe Mar 25, 2020 Medicine Using a mechanical pump infusion for IV drug infusions over Gravity (roller lock) IV infusion. Jarett Boutwell Aug 27, 2018 Ortho Paramedics can safely reduce dislocations in the prehospital setting Matt Jeffery Dec 11, 2020 Overdose Aluminum Phosphide Poisonings and the use of Sodium Bicarbonate and Magnesium Sulphate Alexandra Haan, ACP Student, JIBC Apr 09, 2020 Overdose Naloxone administration in opiate overdose Ashley Johnson Aug 27, 2018 Overdose Intranasal Naloxone versus Intravenous Naloxone in patients who have been exposed to higher potency opioids Jamie Peters Aug 27, 2018 Overdose Safety and Usefulness of Prehospital Narcan Administration Hannah Archbutt: 2014 ACP student Jun 26, 2014 Pain Management The Impact of Opioid vs Non-Opioid Pain Management on Antiplatelet Drug Effectiveness in Reperfusion for Patients with OMI ACP Student, Holland College April 2025 Apr 09, 2025 Pain Management The efficacy of Midazolam versus Ketamine in the acute agitated patient in the prehospital setting ACP Paramedic Students, Holland College Apr 07, 2025 Pain Management Comparison of the efficacy of IV Ketamine vs Fentanyl for treatment of acute pain. Jennifer, Rosalene, Taylor, Matt B., Mike, Fergus Nov 03, 2021 Pain Management Fentanyl for use by Paramedics Nathan McIntyre Aug 28, 2018 Pain Management Clinical effectiveness of split dose Ketorolac in acute pain and renal colic patients. Kyle Fraser, Primary Care Paramedic Aug 27, 2018 Pain Management Does Fentanyl provide a safe and acceptable alternative to Morphine for prehospital analgesia? Jason Buckley PCP Nova Scotia Mar 24, 2009 Palliative Family Satisfaction with End-of-Life Program Randi Sheppard, ACP Student Feb 19, 2020 Pediatric Midazolam versus Diazepam in Resolving Seizure Activity in Pediatric Patients Nikita Menezes, PCP Student, Fanshawe College Mar 28, 2022 Pediatric Effectiveness on Success Rates in Prehospital Intravenous Vascular Access Versus Intraosseous Infusions for Fluid Resuscitation in Children Natasha D. Mills Aug 28, 2018 Pediatric The effects of oxygen use on newborns during delivery. Thomas Henderson Aug 27, 2018 Pediatric Pediatric Assessment and Diagnostic Equipment Melissa Berry, ACP Sep 16, 2014 Pediatric Using car seats as immobilization. Catherine Jotcham ACP Sep 23, 2013 Pediatric IO Prehospital Use of Semiautomatic IO in the Pediatric Population Nathalie Schindler Pediatric EM Resident, PGY 5 Sep 23, 2013 Perinatal Oxytocin use in un-planned out of hospital births to reduce post partum hemorrhage. Ramsey, Siluch, Whitman, Veinotte, Strayer, ACP Nov 15, 2021 Perinatal Perimortem Cesarean Sections – Effective? Pauline Heelan, ACP Sep 23, 2013 POCUS Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) is an effective tool for paramedics in the diagnosis of abdominopelvic trauma. Jakeb Mariani Nov 29, 2021 Prevention Prehospital Power Cots. Brandon Brown, PCP Sep 16, 2014 Prevention Fatigue in EMS Jan Jensen ACP Sep 23, 2013 Prevention Preventing Injuries in Paramedics Aaron Munro Sep 23, 2013 Respiratory Preferred medication route, nebulizers or MDI RSmith, RBower, SLycan, Medavie ACP Dec 18, 2024 Respiratory Use of Magnesium Sulphate for treatment of COPD exacerbations. Joan MacNeil, CCPP Student Dec 07, 2021 Respiratory Paramedics perform non-invasive positive pressure ventilations poorly in trauma patients. Grace Buck Nov 29, 2021 Respiratory The importance of non-invasive ventilation in Acute Respiratory Distress for Pediatrics. Andrea DeMaere, ACP Student, Saskatoon, SK Dec 16, 2019 Respiratory The effectiveness of giving magnesium sulfate as an adjunct medication in COPD exacerbated patients Rebecca Levy, ACP Student Dec 09, 2019 Respiratory An examination of the efficacy of ipratropium bromide when administered in conjunction with salbutamol for treating asthmatic patients in comparison to the efficacy of only administering salbutamol. Justin Rastin Apr 12, 2019 Respiratory Are Ontario Paramedics able to Identify Lung Sounds Anthony Wesley-James Aug 28, 2018 Respiratory CPAP vs. BiPAP on patient outcomes Tera Levasseur Aug 27, 2018 Respiratory Prehospital use of ipratropium bromide paired with salbutamol as treatment for shortness of breath. Lisa Henderson Aug 27, 2018 Respiratory Pulmonary edema and CPAP Mikaila Boon Aug 27, 2018 Respiratory CPAP vs Usual care for out of hospital severe Respiratory Distress Patients Carlin MacKinnon Aug 27, 2018 Respiratory Will the prehospital administration of corticosteroids by Paramedics decrease hospital admission rates in the severely asthmatic adult patient? Zach Fitzsimmons PCP Nov 10, 2017 Respiratory For moderate to severe asthmatic patients who receive steroids in the pre‐hospital setting versus those administered steroids in the hospital setting, have a shorter overall hospital stay. Mitchell Crossman ACP Sep 23, 2013 Resuscitation Does the use of mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation improve patient outcomes compared to manual CPR? ACP Paramedics ORNGE Oct 25 Nov 03, 2025 Resuscitation The influence of personal and professional biases and opinions in deciding to allow or deny family presence during resuscitation. Victoria Bennet, PCP Student, Fanshawe Mar 25, 2020 Sedation Prehospital Sedation: Effectiveness of Ketamine Alisha Brisson, PCP Student, Fanshawe College Mar 28, 2022 Sedation Intranasal Midazolam vs Intravenous methods for prehospital paediatric sedation Tim Allen Nov 13, 2019 Sedation Prehospital sedation of violent patients Micheal Monardo ACP student: 2014 Jun 18, 2014 Seizures Lorazepam as pre-hospital treatment for seizures PCP Oulton Sept 23 Oct 10, 2023 Sepsis Review of Prehospital Intravenous Fluid Administration in the context of Sepsis Treatment on Mortality JIBC ACP JR RH KV Apr 29, 2025 Sepsis Balanced Vs Normal Saline in Sepsis Z Stlouis, Sclavet, S Rose - ACP Holland 2024 Mar 11, 2024 Sepsis Dopamine versus Norepinephrine in Prehospital Septic Shock Patients Dillon Regular, ACP Student, Holland College Dec 12, 2019 Sepsis Recognition of sepsis by paramedics Logan Battaglia Apr 12, 2019 Sepsis Outcomes of sepsis patients in prehospital vs. in-hospital intervention Jesse Shelton Aug 28, 2018 Sepsis Paramedic’s recognition of sepsis Luke Slysz Aug 28, 2018 Sepsis Prehospital I.V. Antibiotics for Sepsis Patients Kerry Peters Aug 27, 2018 Shock Benefits of Permissive Hypotension in Hemorrhagic Shock ORNGE ACP RP KC DB Nov 14, 2025 Shock Liberal & Restrictive Fluid Resuscitation in Suspected Septic Shock PEBP Holland College Sept, 23 Sep 11, 2023 Shock Prehospital Push Dose Epinephrine Matthew Dumaresque, CCPP Student Dec 07, 2021 Shock Intravenously Infused Vasopressors in Traumatic Haemorrhagic Shock – A Critically Appraised Topic Maya Christopher Dec 11, 2020 Shock MAP benchmark for permissive hypotension in hypovolemic shock Rachel Munro, ACP Student, BC Feb 21, 2020 Shock The Use of the Injury Severity Score and Shock Index in the field of paramedicine Cameron Carey Nov 13, 2019 Shock Norepinephrine vs Dopamine in Shock Calvin Luck Aug 28, 2018 Shock Does Primary care paramedic (PCP) can improve hemodynamically unstable patient with fluid loading. Mathieu April, PCP, CD Aug 28, 2018 STEMI Care Early prehospital administration of P2Y12 inhibitor Ticagrelor to STEMI patients JIBC Cohort Oct/Nov 2023 Nov 15, 2023 STEMI Care Does routine application of defibrillation pads in STEMI patients that suffer OHCA result in reduced time to defibrillation and improved outcomes. Aaron McClure, ACP Student, BC Feb 10, 2020 STEMI Care Prehospital use of thrombolytics for STEMI Mitch Kreutzer, ACP Student, Saskatoon Dec 12, 2019 STEMI Care IV Beta-Blocker use in STEMI Adam Melbourne Aug 28, 2018 STEMI Care Treating STEMI in the pre-hospital setting with a thrombolytic vs fibrinolytic drug Matthew Pusateri Aug 28, 2018 STEMI Care Outcomes of acute coronary syndrome patients administered nitro vs. traditional therapy Brittany D’Angelo Aug 27, 2018 STEMI Care Effective Use of Thrombolytic Drug in Pre-Hospital Environment Jennifer Bevan Sep 23, 2013 STEMI Care Pre-hospital administration of Plavix in STEMI Patients Robert Leduc ACP Ontario Nov 13, 2009 Stretchers Powered Stretchers Versus Manual Stretchers Joshua Neto, PCP Student, Fanshawe Mar 25, 2020 Stroke The efficacy in implementing mobile stroke units/ambulances to allow for the prehospital administration of thrombolytics to patients experiencing acute ischemic cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs). Kevin Boismier, PCP Student, Fanshawe Mar 11, 2021 Stroke In pre-hospital stoke patients, early hospital notification improves door to computed tomography (CT) scan. Mackenzie Goudey Aug 27, 2018 Systems Effectiveness of the Community Paramedicine Program for frequent users of medical services Daniel Doummar, PCP Student, Fanshawe Mar 25, 2020 Systems The usage of CTAS scale in the field of paramedicine William Chou Apr 12, 2019 Systems Paramedics’ ability to triage patients using CTAS codes Gavin Moore Apr 12, 2019 Systems Pre-hospital emergency response times and patient mortality Lee Dunne, PCP Jun 26, 2014 Trauma Neurologic Safety and Outcomes of Soft Cervical Collars in Prehospital Trauma Care JIBC ACP Students Rlee, Crands, Jalexander Apr 24, 2025 Trauma Ketamine vs. Morphine for Prehospital Management of Traumatic Musculoskeletal Pain in Geriatric Patients ACP Holland College, Oct 2024 Oct 28, 2024 Trauma Mortality Rates Based on Patients Who Receive TXA Prehospitally vs. in the Emergency Department S. Hutchings, M. Coull, S. MacNeill, S. Itterman Mar 19, 2024 Trauma Is Penthrox a viable alternative to more widely used prehospital analgesics for treating patients with moderate to severe pain caused by trauma? Medavie ACP October 2023 Oct 18, 2023 Trauma Freeze-Dried Plasma in Prehospital Trauma Patients ACP Students Medavie Sept23 Oct 03, 2023 Trauma Overview of Evidence for Crystalloid Fluid Administration in Major Trauma Patients Group 3 Nov 22 - ACP JIBC Jan 26, 2023 Trauma Paramedic Accuracy in Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma vs Radiologist Read Computed Tomography Jason Tulk, CCPP Student Dec 07, 2021 Trauma A critical analysis of the accuracy and specificity of physical assessment in detecting pelvic fracture. Melanie Douglass Nov 29, 2021 Trauma Vasopressors are important to patient outcome in haemorrhagic shock. Mitchell Trethowan Nov 29, 2021 Trauma Patient health literacy affects outcomes after major trauma Callum Hannan Nov 29, 2021 Trauma Does pre-hospital ketamine administration improve outcomes in paediatric trauma patients? Cass Lo Nov 29, 2021 Trauma Trauma Team Training is Effective in Reducing Mortality and Morbidity Ella Avdagić Nov 29, 2021 Trauma Impact of controlled versus standard fluid administration in adult trauma patients. Simon Oliver, Savannah Rahey,Tanya Hisch ACP Stud Oct 29, 2021 Trauma Comparison of Pediatric Trauma With and Without TXA D. McCullum, J. Sinclair, S. Kidson, S. Murray ACP Jun 15, 2021 Trauma The Efficacy of Prehospital Intubation on Outcome of Patients with a Traumatic Brain Injury Erin Lyons, PCP Student, Fanshawe Mar 11, 2021 Trauma Does helicopter based EMS impact patient outcomes in trauma in rural areas? Hannah Clery Dec 11, 2020 Trauma The total Glasgow Coma Score (tGCS) is not a useful clinical tool in the assessment of patients presenting with traumatic injuries Charlie Gadd Dec 11, 2020 Trauma A critical comparison of the efficiency and safety of a tourniquet and direct compression in extremity haemorrhage Amber Dawson Dec 11, 2020 Trauma Trauma and Environmental Conditions in Paramedic Practice Ella Crough-Heaton Dec 11, 2020 Trauma Tranexamic acid has a role in polytrauma, but is it beneficial in traumatic brain injury? André Perkins Dec 11, 2020 Trauma Neck of femur fractures in elderly trauma increase morbidity and mortality. Sally Skilton Dec 11, 2020 Trauma Trauma and Environmental Conditions in Paramedic Practice. Drew Younger Dec 11, 2020 Trauma Pre-hospital administration of antibiotics for compound fractures Carol-Ann Bourdon, ACP Student Feb 19, 2020 Trauma Pre-hospital use of Rapid Sequence Intubation in adults with head injuries. Phillip Falcone, ACP Student, Holland College Dec 12, 2019 Trauma The Canadian C-spine rule versus NEXUS: which is better? Nina Harverson Nov 13, 2019 Trauma A critical appraisal of the ‘golden hour’ Courtney Hollis Nov 13, 2019 Trauma Can paramedics easily be trained to use pre-hospital ultrasound for trauma assessment? Eden Jepson Nov 13, 2019 Trauma Paramedic ultrasound guided intravenous cannulation- A critically appraised topic Zephyrha Lowe Nov 13, 2019 Trauma ETCO2 monitoring in out of hospital traumatic brain injuries improves outcomes Olivia Matthews Nov 13, 2019 Trauma Critically Appraised Topic- Can paramedics safely reduce shoulder dislocations in the pre-hospital setting? Nikki Sauer Nov 13, 2019 Trauma Does pre-hospital lactate score predict patient outcome in trauma. Nicholas Alcorn Nov 13, 2019 Trauma Critically Appraised Topic in Trauma Jonathan Neil Barron Nov 13, 2019 Trauma C-spine movement comparison of self-extrication versus device assisted extrication in motor vehicle accidents Matthew Blower Nov 13, 2019 Trauma Critically Appraised Topic in Trauma Cindal Duley Nov 13, 2019 Trauma Does prehospital Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) improve patient outcomes in civilian populations? Kayla Freshwater Nov 13, 2019 Trauma Trauma and Environmental Conditions in Paramedic Practice Steffan Paton Nov 13, 2019 Trauma Critically Appraised Topic- Can paramedics safely reduce shoulder dislocations in the pre-hospital setting? Nikki Sauer Nov 13, 2019 Trauma Does HEMS transport improve outcome in single system trauma injuries compared to ground transport? Abbey Young Nov 13, 2019 Trauma Administration of TXA in the Prehospital Setting Eric Knight, ACP Ontario Mar 01, 2019 Trauma Pre-hospital Pelvic Hemorrhage Control: Pelvic Binder Application vs. Extraperitoneal Pelvic Packing Samantha Kiss Aug 27, 2018 Trauma Pre-Hospital Wound Packing with a Hemostatic Agent Michal Barnard Aug 27, 2018 Trauma Pre-hospital Tourniquet Application in Life-threatening Extremity Trauma: Efficacy and Safety. Graham Garland. PCP, QL3 Med Tech. Nov 10, 2017 Trauma Therapeutic Hypothermia in patients experiencing Spinal Cord injury Adam Droski, PCP Sep 16, 2014 Traumatic Brain Injury Does TXA prove beneficial for patients who are suffering from isolated traumatic head injuries. Tierayn, Jake, Jarrett, Cody ACP Medavie Dec24 Jan 06, 2025 Traumatic Brain Injury Ground ALS prehospital RSI benefit ACP Holland Hkula JDrygas Jmertin Mar 20, 2024 Traumatic Brain Injury To Collar or Not To Collar: The Use of Cervical Collars and the Impact on Intracranial Pressure D Stein, E Chow, A Cutler, C Johnston, J Boyd ACPs Mar 13, 2024 Traumatic Brain Injury A Review of Current Literature that Examines the Intubation of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injuries JIBC ACPs Oct 30/Nov 1 23 Nov 27, 2023 Traumatic Brain Injury Mannitol or Hypertonic Saline for Treatment of TBI? Is hypertonic saline more effective at lowering ICP? Michelle Brown, CCPP Student Dec 07, 2021 Traumatic Brain Injury Plasma Use in the Traumatic Brain Injury Patient: A Critically Appraised Topic in Trauma Summer De Ruiter Nov 29, 2021 Traumatic Brain Injury Cushing’s Reflex is an accurate predictor of mortality and morbidity Sarah Menechian Nov 29, 2021 TXA IM TXA an efficient alternative to IV TXA when the latter is infeasible? ACP Holland College Sept 2025 Sep 15, 2025 TXA TXA in the emergency setting?? O.Lawrence, J.Cunningham, M.Parrish, M.Moeini ACP Jan 06, 2025 Wellbeing The impact on time to sedation using Ketamine versus Midazolam for patients with undifferentiated agitation in a pre-hospital setting Lesley Jordan, CCP, Nova Scotia Sep 17, 2024 Wellbeing Gallows Humor as a Coping Mechanism Maddie Heggie, PCP Student, Fanshaw College Mar 28, 2022 Wellbeing Patient and Paramedic Perceptions on Care Received during Mental Health Crises Hannah Higgins, PCP Student, Fanshawe Mar 11, 2021 Wellbeing Paramedic Preparedness for Delivering Death Notifications Michelle Marko, PCP Student, Fanshawe Mar 11, 2021 Wellbeing Human Sex Trafficking- Recognizing The Signs: Education for Paramedics Rashma Manjra, PCP Student, Fanshawe Mar 11, 2021 Wellbeing Burnout Levels in EMS Charity McCarthy Apr 12, 2019 Wellbeing Empathy Levels of Paramedics Kane Hillman Apr 12, 2019 Wellbeing Effects of Occupational Stress on Fatigue in Paramedics Sandra Ryniec Apr 12, 2019 If you would like to submit a mini-CAT, email PEP@Dal.ca