Antiarrhythmic - Class I (Na+ channel blockers)
Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
In-hospital mortality
|
Patient
|
ED-MD
|
Valdes SO., Donoghue AJ., Hoyme DB., et al. Outcomes associated with amiodarone and lidocaine in the treatment of in-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest with pulseless ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Resuscitation 2014; 85(3):381-6. Medline
|
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Survival
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Moler FW., Donaldson AE., Meert K., et al. Multicenter cohort study of out-of-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med 2011; 39(1):141-9. Medline
|
III
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Survival to hospital admission
|
Patient
|
|
McBride ME., Marino BS., Webster G., Lopez-Herce J., Ziegler CP., De Caen AR., et al. Amiodarone Versus Lidocaine for Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Due to Ventricular Arrhythmias: A Systematic Review. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2017; 18(2):183-9. Medline
|
Antiarrhythmic - Class III (K+ channel blockers)
Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Survival
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Moler FW., Donaldson AE., Meert K., et al. Multicenter cohort study of out-of-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med 2011; 39(1):141-9. Medline
|
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Functional status
|
Patient
|
OR
|
Valdes SO., Donoghue AJ., Hoyme DB., et al. Outcomes associated with amiodarone and lidocaine in the treatment of in-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest with pulseless ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Resuscitation 2014; 85(3):381-6. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Conversion
|
Patient
|
ED-MD
|
Perry J., Fenrich A., Hulse E., et al. Pediatric use of intravenous amiodarone: Efficacy and safety in critically ill patients from a multicenter protocol. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 27:1246-50. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Alleviation of nausea
|
Patient
|
In-Patient
|
Perry J., Knilans T., Marlow D., et al. Intravenous amiodarone for life-threatening tachyarrhythmias in children and young adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22:95-8. Medline
|
III
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Survival to hospital admission
|
Patient
|
|
McBride ME., Marino BS., Webster G., Lopez-Herce J., Ziegler CP., De Caen AR., et al. Amiodarone Versus Lidocaine for Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Due to Ventricular Arrhythmias: A Systematic Review. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2017; 18(2):183-9. Medline
|
Biphasic Defibrillation
Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
30-day neurologically intact survival
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Goto Y, Funada A, Maeda T. Association of subsequent treated shockable rhythm with outcomes after paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: A nationwide, population-based observational study. Resusc Plus 2021; 8:100181. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Survival
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Gurnett CA., Atkins DL. Successful use of a biphasic waveform automated external defibrillator in a high-risk child. Am J Cardiol 2000; 86(9):1051-3. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Termination of VF
|
Process
|
ED-MD
|
Gutgesell H., Tacker W., Geddes L., et al. Energy doses for ventricular defibrillation of children. Pediatrics 1976; 58:898-901. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Survival from OHCA
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic & CCT
|
Kingsley P, Merefield J, Walker RG, Chapman FW, Faulkner M. Out-of-hospital resuscitation of a 3 month old boy presenting with recurrent ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest: a case report. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2021; 29(1):58. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Survival
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Konig B., Benger J., Goldsworthy L. Automatic external defibrillation in a 6 year old. Arch Dis Child 2005; 90(3):310-1. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
ROSC
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Rodriguez-Nunez A., Lopez-Herce J., Garcia C., et al. Pediatric defibrillation after cardiac arrest: Initial response and outcome. Crit Care 2006; 10(4):R113. Medline
|
III
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
VF termination
|
Process
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Berg MD., Samson RA., Meyer RJ., Clark LL., Valenzuela TD., Berg RA. Pediatric defibrillation doses often fail to terminate prolonged out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation in children.
Resuscitation 2005; 67(1):63-7. Medline
|