Adenosine
Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Termination of tachycardia
|
Patient
|
ED-MD
|
Marill K., et al. Adenosine for Wide-Complex Tachycardia: Efficacy and Safety. Crit Care Med 2009; 37(9):2512-8. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Adenosine induced arrhythmia
|
Process
|
ED-MD
|
Camaiti A., Pieralli F., Olivotto I., et al. Prospective evaluation of adenosine-induced proarrhythmia in the emergency room. Eur J Emerg Med 2001; 8(2):99-105. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Termination of monomorphic VT
|
Patient
|
ED-MD
|
Hasdemir C., Musayev O., Alkan MB., Can LH., Kurtursay H. Termination of idiopathic sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia by intravenous adenosine in a pregnant woman. Europace 2009; 11(11):1560-1. Medline
|
III
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Termination of arrhythmia
|
Patient
|
ED-MD
|
Kassotis J., Slesinger T., Festic E., Voigt L., Reddy CV. Adenosine-sensitive wide-complex tachycardia: An uncommon variant of idiopathic fascicular ventricular tachycardia—a case report. Angiol 2003; 54(3):369-72. Medline
|
Antiarrhythmic - Class I (Na+ channel blockers)
Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Termination of stable monomorphic VT
|
Patient
|
ED-MD
|
Desouza IS., Martindale JL., Sinert R. Antidysrhythmic drug therapy for the termination of stable, monomorphic ventricular tachycardia: A systematic review. Emerg Med J 2015; 32(2):161-7. Medline
|
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Maintenance of a non-ventricular rhythm
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Millin MG., Kim S., Schmidt TA., Daya MR., Fujisaki B. Intermittent bolus dosing of lidocaine in emergency medical services-an alternative to bolus followed by a drip. Prehosp Emerg Care 2006; 10(3):403-8. Medline
|
III
|
Opposes (Red)
|
Conduction disturbance and asystole
|
Patient
|
ED-MD
|
McLean SA., Paul ID., Spector PS. Lidocaine-induced conduction disturbance in patients with systemic hyperkalemia. Ann Emerg Med 2000; 36(6):615-8. Medline
|
Antiarrhythmic - Class III (K+ channel blockers)
Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
I
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Arrhythmia event rate
|
Patient
|
ICU
|
Scheinman MM., Levine JH., Cannom DS., Frieling T., et al. Dose-Ranging Study of Intravenous Amiodarone in Patients with Life-Threatening Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias. Circ 1995; 92(11):3261-72. Medline
|
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Termination of stable monomorphic VT
|
Patient
|
ED-MD
|
Desouza IS., Martindale JL., Sinert R. Antidysrhythmic drug therapy for the termination of stable, monomorphic ventricular tachycardia: A systematic review. Emerg Med J 2015; 32(2):161-7. Medline
|
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Rhythm conversion
|
Process
|
ED-MD
|
Yusu S., Ikeda T., Mera H., Miyakoshi M., Miwa Y., Abe A., et al. Effects of intravenous nifekalant as a lifesaving drug for severe ventricular tachyarrhythmias complicating acute coronary syndrome. Circ J 2009; 73(11):2021-2028. Medline
|
III
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Incidence of VT termination prior to transfer of care in the ED
|
Patient
|
|
Foerster C., Andrew E., Smith K., Bernard S. Amiodarone for sustained stable ventricular tachycardia in the prehospital setting. Emerg Med Australas. 2018: ahead of print Medline
|
III
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Termination of VT
|
Patient
|
ED-MD
|
Marill KA., deSouza IA., Nishijima DK., Stair TO., Setnik GS., Ruskin JN. Amiodarone is poorly effective for the acute termination of ventricular tachycardia. Ann Emer Med 2006; 47(3):217-23. Medline
|