AER (Active External Rewarming)
| Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
|
I
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Temperature
|
Process
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Kober A., Scheck T., Fulesdi B., Lieba F., Vlach W., Friedman A., et al. Effectiveness of resistive heating compared with passive warming in treating hypothermia associated with minor trauma: A randomized trial. Mayo Clin Proc 2001; 76(4):369-75. Medline
|
|
I
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Mean core temp
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Lundgren P., Henriksson O., Naredi P., Bjornstig U. The effect of active warming in prehospital trauma care during road and air ambulance transportation - a clinical randomized trial. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2011; 19(59):7241. Medline
|
|
II
|
Opposes (Red)
|
Safety
|
Patient
|
SIM
|
Sterba JA. Efficacy and safety of prehospital rewarming techniques to treat accidental hypothermia. Ann Emerg Med 1991; 20:896-901. Medline
|
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Core body temperature after rewarming
|
Process
|
ED-MD
|
Bernardo LM., Gardner MJ., Lucke J., Ford H. The effects of core and peripheral warming methods on temperature and physiologic variables in injured children. Pediatr Emerg Care 2001; 17(2):138-42. Medline
|
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Resolution of symptoms
|
Patient
|
ED-MD
|
Biem J., Koehncke N., Classen D., Dosman J. Out of the cold: management of hypothermia and frostbite. JAMC 2003; 168(3):305-11. CMAJ
|
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Rewarming
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Kornberger E., Schwartz B., Linder KH., Mair P. Forced air surface re-warming in patients with severe accidental hypothermia. Resuscitation 1991; 41:105-11. Medline
|
|
III
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Survival
|
Patient
|
ED-MD
|
Chochinov AH., Baydock BM., Bristow GK., Giesbrecht GG. Recovery of a 62-year-old man from prolonged cold water submersion. Ann Emerg Med 1998; 31(1):127-31. Medline
|
|
III
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Survival
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Giesbrecht GG., Hayward JS. Problems and complications with cold-water rescue. Wilderness Environ Med 2006; 17(1):26-30. Medline
|
|
III
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Temperature monitoring
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Owen R., Castle N. Prehospital temperature control. Emerg Med J 2008; 25(6):375-6. Medline
|
Warmed IV Fluids
| Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
|
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Core Body temperature
|
Process
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Cassidy ES., Adkins CR., Rayl JH., Wipfler EJ. 3rd. Evaluation of warmed intravenous fluids in the prehospital setting. Air Med J 2001; 20(5):25-6. Medline
|
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Core body temperature after rewarming
|
Process
|
ED-MD
|
Bernardo LM., Gardner MJ., Lucke J., Ford H. The effects of core and peripheral warming methods on temperature and physiologic variables in injured children. Pediatr Emerg Care 2001; 17(2):138-42. Medline
|
|
III
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Temperature monitoring
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Owen R., Castle N. Prehospital temperature control. Emerg Med J 2008; 25(6):375-6. Medline
|
|
X
|
Not Yet Graded (White)
|
-
|
Patient
|
|
Ireland AJ., Pathi VL., Crawford R., Colquhoun IW. Back from the dead: Extracorporeal rewarming of severe accidental hypothermia victims in accident and emergency. J Accid Emerg Med 1997; 14(4):255-7. Medline
|