Bystander CPR
Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Survival-to-hospital-discharge
|
Patient
|
PH-Bystander
|
Albargi H, Mallett S, Berhane S, Booth S, Hawkes C, Perkins GD, et al. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation for paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in England: An observational registry cohort study. Resuscitation 2021; 170:17–25. Medline
|
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Neurological status at 1 month
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic & MD
|
Goto Y, Funada A, Maeda T. Temporal trends in neurologically intact survival after paediatric bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A nationwide population-based observational study. Resusc Plus 2021; 6:100104. Medline
|
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Survival
|
Patient
|
|
Naim MY., Burke RV., McNally BF., Song L., Griffis HM., Berg RA., et al. Association of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation With Overall and Neurologically Favorable Survival After Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in the United States: A Report From the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival Surveillance Regis. JAMA Pediatrics 2016; 171(2):133-41. Medline
|
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Survival with good neurological recovery
|
Patient
|
PH-Bystander
|
Jung SW, Kim KH, Park JH, Kim TH, et al. Association between the relationship of bystander and neurologic recovery in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2023:109839. Medline
|
Compression-only CPR
Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
1-month favorable neurological status
|
Patient
|
|
Fukuda T., Ohashi-Fukuda N., Kobayashi H., Gunshin M., Sera T., Kondo Y., et al. Conventional Versus Compression-Only Versus No-Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. Circulation 2016; 134(25):2060-70. Medline
|
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
1-month neurologically intact survival, defined as a CPC score of 1 or 2
|
Patient
|
PH-Bystander
|
Goto Y, Funada A, Maeda T. Temporal trends in neurologically intact survival after paediatric bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A nationwide population-based observational study. Resusc Plus 2021; 6:100104. Medline
|
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
30 Day Neurologically Intact Survival
|
Patient
|
|
Goto Y., Funada A., Goto Y. Conventional versus chest-compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystanders for children with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2018; 122:126-34. Medline
|
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Neurological function at 1 month
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Kitamura T., Iwami T., Kawamura T., et al. Conventional and chest-compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystanders for children who have out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: A prospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study. Lancet 2010; 375(9723):1347-54. Medline
|
CPR-Finger technique
Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Efficiency
|
Process
|
SIM
|
Cioccari G, Sica da Rocha T, Piva JP. Two-Thumb Technique Is Superior to Two-Finger Technique in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation of Simulated Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Infants. J Am Hear Assoc 2021; 10(20):e018050. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Blood Pressure
|
Process
|
SIM
|
Dorfsman ML., Menegazzi JJ., Wadas RJ., Auble TE. Two-thumb vs. two-finger chest compression in an infant model of prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Acad Emerg Med 2000; 7(10):1077-82. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Adequacy
|
Process
|
|
Smereka J., Bielski K., Ladny JR., Ruetzler K., Szarpak L. Evaluation of a newly developed infant chest compression technique: A randomized crossover manikin trial. Medicine 2017; 96(14):e5915. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Efficacy
|
Patient
|
SIM
|
Tellier É, Lacaze M, Naud J, Sanchez O, Vally R, Bérard C, et al. Comparison of two infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques explained by phone in a non-health professionals’ population: Two-thumbs encircling hand technique vs. two-fingers technique, a randomised crossover study in a simulation environment. Am J Emerg Med Nov 2022; 61:163–8. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Compression efficacy
|
Patient
|
SIM
|
Whitelaw CC., Slywka B., Goldsmith LJ. Comparison of a two-finger versus two-thumb method for chest compressions by healthcare providers in an infant mechanical model. Resuscitation 2000; 43(3):213-216. Medline
|
III
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Chest compression quality
|
Process
|
|
Smereka J., Kasiński M., Smereka A., Aadny J.R, Szarpak Å. The quality of a newly developed infant chest compression method applied by paramedics: a randomised crossover manikin trial. Kardiol Pol 2017; 75(6):589-595. Medline
|
III
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Improved perfusion
|
Patient
|
|
Smereka J., Szarpak L., Rodreguez A., Ladny JR., Leung S., Ruetzler K. A randomized comparison of three chest compression techniques and associated hemodynamic effect during infant CPR: A randomized manikin study. Am J Emerg Med 2017; 35(10):1420-5. Medline
|
CPR-Thumb technique
Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Effectiveness of compressions
|
Process
|
SIM
|
Cioccari G, Sica da Rocha T, Piva JP. Two-Thumb Technique Is Superior to Two-Finger Technique in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation of Simulated Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Infants. J Am Hear Assoc 2021; 10(20):e018050. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Blood Pressure
|
Process
|
SIM
|
Dorfsman ML., Menegazzi JJ., Wadas RJ., Auble TE. Two-thumb vs. two-finger chest compression in an infant model of prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Acad Emerg Med 2000; 7(10):1077-82. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Mean hands-off time.
|
Process
|
|
Jo CH., Cho GC., Lee CH. Two-Thumb Encircling Technique Over the Head of Patients in the Setting of Lone Rescuer Infant CPR Occurred During Ambulance Transfer: A Crossover Simulation Study. Pediatr Emerg Care 2017; 33(7):462-6. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Chest compression quality
|
Process
|
|
Smereka J., Kasiński M., Smereka A., Aadny J.R, Szarpak Å. The quality of a newly developed infant chest compression method applied by paramedics: a randomised crossover manikin trial. Kardiol Pol 2017; 75(6):589-595. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Adequacy
|
Process
|
|
Smereka J., Bielski K., Ladny JR., Ruetzler K., Szarpak L. Evaluation of a newly developed infant chest compression technique: A randomized crossover manikin trial. Medicine 2017; 96(14):e5915. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Improved perfusion
|
Patient
|
|
Smereka J., Szarpak L., Rodreguez A., Ladny JR., Leung S., Ruetzler K. A randomized comparison of three chest compression techniques and associated hemodynamic effect during infant CPR: A randomized manikin study. Am J Emerg Med 2017; 35(10):1420-5. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Chest compression quality
|
Process
|
SIM
|
Tellier É, Lacaze M, Naud J, Sanchez O, Vally R, Bérard C, et al. Comparison of two infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques explained by phone in a non-health professionals’ population: Two-thumbs encircling hand technique vs. two-fingers technique, a randomised crossover study in a simulation environment. Am J Emerg Med Nov 2022; 61:163–8. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Compression efficacy
|
Patient
|
SIM
|
Whitelaw CC., Slywka B., Goldsmith LJ. Comparison of a two-finger versus two-thumb method for chest compressions by healthcare providers in an infant mechanical model. Resuscitation 2000; 43(3):213-216. Medline
|
Early epinephrine
Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Short-term survival with favorable neurological outcomes
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic & MD
|
Ohshige K., et al. Evaluation of OOHCA resuscitation with resuscitative drugs: a prospective comparative study in Japan. Resus 2005; 66:53-61. Medline
|
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Survival to hospital discharge
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Amoako J, Komukai S, Izawa J, CW C, Okubo M. Evaluation of Use of Epinephrine and Time to First Dose and Outcomes in Pediatric Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. JAMA Netw Open March 2023; 6(3):e235187. Medline
|
X
|
Not Yet Graded (White)
|
-
|
|
|
Oishi T, Amagasa S, Iwamoto S, et al. Early versus late administration of adrenaline in pediatric patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Am J Emerg Med Dec 2024; 89:67-74. Medline
|
Epinephrine
Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
I
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
24-hour survival rate
|
Patient
|
ED-MD
|
Perondi M., Reis A., Palva E., Nadkarni V., Berg R. A Comparison of High-Dose and Standard-Dose Epinephrine in Children with Cardiac Arrest. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:1722-30. Medline
|
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Survival to Discharge
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Amoako J, Komukai S, Izawa J, CW C, Okubo M. Evaluation of Use of Epinephrine and Time to First Dose and Outcomes in Pediatric Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. JAMA Netw Open March 2023; 6(3):e235187. Medline
|
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Survival to hospital discharge
|
Patient
|
|
Hansen M., Schmicker RH., Newgard CD., Grunau B., Scheuermeyer F., Cheskes S., et al. Time to Epinephrine Administration and Survival from Non-Shockable Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Among Children and Adults. Circulation 2018; 137(19):2032-40. Medline
|
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Return of spontaneous circulation
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Dieckmann RA., Vardis R. High-dose epinephrine in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Pediatrics 1995; 95:901-13. Medline
|
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
ROSC
|
Process
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Goetting MG., Paradis NA. High-dose epinephrine improves outcome from pediatric cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med 1991; 20:22-6. Medline
|
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Post resuscitative Hemodynamics
|
Patient
|
|
Lin YR., Syue YJ., Buddhakosai W., et al. Impact of different initial epinephrine treatment time points on the early postresuscitative hemodynamic status of children with traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Medicine. 2016;95(12):e3195. Medline
|
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Survival
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Moler FW., Donaldson AE., Meert K., et al. Multicenter cohort study of out-of-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med 2011; 39(1):141-9. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
ROSC
|
Process
|
ED-MD
|
Carpenter T., Stenmark K. High-dose epinephrine is not superior to standard-dose epinephrine in pediatric in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Pediatrics 1997; 99:403-8. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Survival to discharge
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Lienhart HG., John W., Wenzel V. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of a near-drowned child with a combination of epinephrine and vasopressin. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2005;.6(4):486-488. Medline
|
III
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Survival to discharge, Survival with good neuro outcome
|
Patient
|
|
Lin YR., Syue YJ., Buddhakosai W., Lu HE., Chang CF., Chang CY., et al. Impact of Different Initial Epinephrine Treatment Time Points on the Early Postresuscitative Hemodynamic Status of Children With Traumatic Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest. Medicine 2016; 95(12):e3195. Medline
|
ETCO2
Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Mortality
|
Patient
|
ICU
|
Berg RA, Reeder RW, Meert KL, Yates AR, Berger JT, Newth CJ, Carcillo JA, McQuillen PS, Harrison RE, Moler FW, Pollack MM, Carpenter TC, Notterman DA, Holubkov R, Dean JM, Nadkarni VM, Sutton RM; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network (CPCCRN) Pediatric Intensive Care Quality of Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (PICqCPR) investigators. End-tidal carbon dioxide during pediatric in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2018 Dec;133:173-179. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.08.013. Epub 2018 Aug 15. PMID: 30118812; PMCID: PMC6258346. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Prediction of recovery
|
Process
|
ICU
|
Stine CN, Koch J, Brown LS, Chalak L, Kapadia V, Wyckoff MH. Quantitative end-tidal CO2 can predict increase in heart rate during infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Heliyon. 2019 Jun 12;5(6):e01871. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01871. PMID: 31245640; PMCID: PMC6581839. Medline
|
High Dose Epi.
Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
I
|
Opposes (Red)
|
24-hour survival rate
|
Patient
|
ED-MD
|
Perondi M., Reis A., Palva E., Nadkarni V., Berg R. A Comparison of High-Dose and Standard-Dose Epinephrine in Children with Cardiac Arrest. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:1722-30. Medline
|
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
ROSC
|
Process
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Goetting MG., Paradis NA. High-dose epinephrine improves outcome from pediatric cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med 1991; 20:22-6. Medline
|
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Return of spontaneous circulation
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Dieckmann RA., Vardis R. High-dose epinephrine in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Pediatrics 1995; 95:901-13. Medline
|
III
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
ROSC
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Patterson MD., Boenning DA., Klein BL., et al. The use of high-dose epinephrine for patients with out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest refractory to prehospital interventions. Pediatr Emerg Care 2005; 21(4):227-37. Medline
|
III
|
Opposes (Red)
|
ROSC
|
Process
|
ED-MD
|
Carpenter T., Stenmark K. High-dose epinephrine is not superior to standard-dose epinephrine in pediatric in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Pediatrics 1997; 99:403-8. Medline
|
Manual Intraosseous Insertion
Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
First attempt success
|
Process
|
PH-MD & CCT
|
Sunde G., Heradstveit B., Vikenes B., HeltneJ. Emergency intraosseous access in a helicopter
emergency medical service: a retrospective study. Scan J Trauma, Resus and Emerg Med 2010; 18:52. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Success of Intraosseous Access
|
Process
|
SIM
|
Bielski K, Szarpak L, Smereka J, Ladny JR, Leung S, Ruetzler K. Comparison of four different intraosseous access devices during simulated pediatric resuscitation. A randomized crossover manikin trial. Eur J Pediatr. 2017 Jul;176(7):865-871. Medline
|
III
|
Opposes (Red)
|
First attempt success
|
Process
|
SIM
|
Szarpak L, Ladny JR, Dabrowski M, Ladny M, Smereka J, Ahuja S, Ruetzler K. Comparison of 4 Pediatric Intraosseous Access Devices: A Randomized Simulation Study. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2020 Oct;36(10):e568-e572. Medline
|
Mechanical Intraosseous Insertion
Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Complications
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Joerck C, Wilkinson R, Angiti RR, Lutz T, Scerri L, Carmo KB. Use of Intraosseous Access in Neonatal and Pediatric Retrieval-Neonatal and Pediatric Emergency Transfer Service, New South Wales. Pediatr Emerg Care Nov 2023; 39(11):853-7. Medline
|
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
First attempt success
|
Process
|
PH-MD & CCT
|
Sunde G., Heradstveit B., Vikenes B., HeltneJ. Emergency intraosseous access in a helicopter
emergency medical service: a retrospective study. Scan J Trauma, Resus and Emerg Med 2010; 18:52. Medline
|
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Correct and safe IO insertion
|
Patient
|
ED-Paramedic & MD
|
Szarpak L, Ladny JR, Dabrowski M, Ladny M, Smereka J, Ahuja S, Ruetzler K. Comparison of 4 Pediatric Intraosseous Access Devices: A Randomized Simulation Study. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2020 Oct;36(10):e568-e572. Medline
|
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Survival to hospital discharge
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Besserer F, Kawano T, Dirk J, Meckler G, Tijssen JA, DeCaen A, et al. The association of intraosseous vascular access and survival among pediatric patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2021; 167:49–57. Medline
|
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Survival
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Recher M, Baert V, Escutnaire J, Le Bastard Q, Javaudin F, Hubert H, et al. Intraosseous or Peripheral IV Access in Pediatric Cardiac Arrest? Results From the French National Cardiac Arrest Registry. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2021; 22(3):286-96. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
first pass success
|
Process
|
SIM
|
Bielski K, Szarpak L, Smereka J, Ladny JR, Leung S, Ruetzler K. Comparison of four different intraosseous access devices during simulated pediatric resuscitation. A randomized crossover manikin trial. Eur J Pediatr. 2017 Jul;176(7):865-871. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Time to first insertion and IO function.
|
Process
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Garabon JJW, Gunz AC, Ali A, Lim R. EMS Use and Success Rates of Intraosseous Infusion for Pediatric Resuscitations: A Large Regional Health System Experience. Prehosp Emerg Care 2022; 1–6. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Overall placement success
|
Process
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Schalk R., Schweigkofler U., Lotz G., Zacharowski K., Latasch L., Byhahn C. Efficacy of the EZ-IO needle driver for out-of-hospital intraosseous access--a preliminary, observational, multicenter study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2011; 19:65-7241-19-65. Medline
|
Pre-Arrival Instructions
Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Survival from pediatric OHCA with advisory assisted full CPR
|
Process
|
Other
|
Goto Y, Funada A, Maeda T. Dispatcher-assisted conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation and outcomes for paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Resuscitation 2021. Medline
|
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Early recognition of cardiac arrest
|
Process
|
Other
|
Lewis MM, Pache K, Guan S, et al. Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: The Role of the Telecommunicator in Recognition of Cardiac Arrest and Delivery of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. J Am Hear Assoc January 2024; 13(2):e031740. Medline
|
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Survival to discharge
|
Patient
|
|
Ro YS., Shin SD., Lee YJ., Lee SC., Song KJ., Ryoo HW., et al. Effect of Dispatcher-Assisted Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Program and Location of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest on Survival and Neurologic Outcome. Ann Emerg Med 2017; 69(1):52-61.e1. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Efficacy
|
Process
|
SIM
|
Tellier É, Lacaze M, Naud J, Sanchez O, Vally R, Bérard C, et al. Comparison of two infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques explained by phone in a non-health professionals’ population: Two-thumbs encircling hand technique vs. two-fingers technique, a randomised crossover study in a simulation environment. Am J Emerg Med Nov 2022; 61:163–8. Medline
|
Standard CPR
Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
ROSC
|
Process
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Donoghue AJ, et al. Out-of-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest: an epidemiologic review and assessment of current knowledge. Ann Emerg Med 2005; 46:512-22. Medline
|
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
1-month favorable neurological status
|
Patient
|
|
Fukuda T., Ohashi-Fukuda N., Kobayashi H., Gunshin M., Sera T., Kondo Y., et al. Conventional Versus Compression-Only Versus No-Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. Circulation 2016; 134(25):2060-70. Medline
|
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
30 day neurologically intact survival
|
Patient
|
|
Goto Y., Funada A., Goto Y. Conventional versus chest-compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystanders for children with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2018; 122:126-34. Medline
|
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Neurological function at 1 month
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Kitamura T., Iwami T., Kawamura T., et al. Conventional and chest-compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystanders for children who have out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: A prospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study. Lancet 2010; 375(9723):1347-54. Medline
|
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Detection factors related to ROSC
|
Process
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Lin YR., Wu HP., Huang CY., Chang YJ., Lin CY., Chou CC. Significant factors in predicting sustained ROSC in paediatric patients with traumatic OOHCA admitted to ED. Resus 2007; 74:83-9. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Survival
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Khoury A., Shavit I. OOH VF in 3 adolescents. Arch Dis Child 2009; 94:153-5. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Survival to discharge
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Lienhart HG., John W., Wenzel V. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of a near-drowned child with a combination of epinephrine and vasopressin. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2005;.6(4):486-488. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Survival to discharge
|
Patient
|
ED-MD
|
Tham LP., Chan I.. Paediatric OOHCA epidemiology and outcome. Singapore Med 2007; 46:289-96. Medline
|
Termination Resuscitation
Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
30-day neurologically intact
|
Patient
|
|
Goto Y., Funada A., Goto Y. Duration of Prehospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Favorable Neurological Outcomes for Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study. Circulation 2016;134(25):2046-59. Medline
|
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Neurologically favorable one-month survival
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Matsui S, Kitamura T, Kurosawa H, et al. Application of adult prehospital resuscitation rules to pediatric out of hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation Dec 2022; 109684. Medline
|
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Non-survival to hospital discharge
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Shetty P, Ren Y, Dillon D, Mcleod A, Nishijima D, Taylor SL; CARES Surveillance Group. Derivation of a clinical decision rule for termination of resuscitation in non-traumatic pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation Sept 2024; 204:110400. Medline
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
False prediction of death.
|
Process
|
|
Rotering VM., Trepels-Kottek S., Heimann K., Brokmann JC., Orlikowsky T., Schoberer M. Adult "termination-of-resuscitation" (TOR)-criteria may not be suitable for children - a retrospective analysis. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2016; 24(1):144. Medline
|
III
|
Opposes (Red)
|
Comfort in application
|
Patient
|
In-Patient
|
Hall WL., Myers JH., Pepe PE., Larkin GL., Sirbaugh PE., Persse DE. The perspective of paramedics about on-scene termination of resuscitation efforts for ped patients. Resus 2004; 60:175-87. Medline
|
X
|
Not Yet Graded (White)
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-
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