Crystalloid Fluid
| Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
|
I
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Mortality
|
Patient
|
ICU
|
Lewis SR, Pritchard MW, Evans DJ, Butler AR, Alderson P, Smith AF, et al. Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2018; 8. Medline
|
|
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Morbidity and Mortality
|
Process
|
ICU
|
Kruse M, Lenz IK, Josuttis D, et al. Characterisation of Fluid Administration in Burn Shock-A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. Eur Burn J June 2025; 6(2). Medline
|
|
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
days alive
|
Patient
|
ICU
|
Gardiner B, Coles V, Vujcich E, Reade MC, Karamujic N, Milford EM. Lower fluid resuscitation volumes in the first 24 hours following a severe burn injury are independently associated with greater days alive and out of hospital: A retrospective cohort study. Burns. July 2025; 51(8):107610. Medline
|
|
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Mortality
|
Patient
|
Other
|
Hsiao KH, Kalanzi J, Watson SB, Murthy S, et al. Adapted approaches to initial fluid management of patients with major burns in resource-limited settings: A systematic review. Burn Open Nov 2024; 8(4). Medline
|
|
II
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Interventions assoicated with decreased mortality in severely burned patients
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic & MD
|
Josuttis D, Kruse M, Plettig P, et al. Prehospital treatment of severely burned patients: a retrospective analysis of patients admitted to the Berlin burn centre. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med Aug 2024; 32(1):70. Medline
|
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Dyspnoea clinical score and on arterial blood gases
|
Process
|
ED-MD
|
Bak V., et al. Hemodynamic Changes During Resus Burn Pt. Using Parkland Formula. J. Trauma 2009; 66(2):329-36. Medline
|
|
III
|
Neutral (Yellow)
|
Ventilator days
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Lairet JR., Bebarta VS., Burns CJ., Lairet KF., Rasmussen TE., Renz EM., et al. Prehospital interventions performed in a combat zone: a prospective multicenter study of 1,003 combat wounded. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2012; 73(2S1):S38-42. Medline
|
Opioids
| Level |
Direction |
Primary Outcome |
Patient/Process |
Setting |
Reference |
|
I
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Analgesia
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Bounes V., Charpentier S., Houze-Cerfon CH., Bellard C., Ducassé JL. Is there an ideal morphine dose for prehospital treatment of severe acute pain? A randomized, double-blind comparison of 2 doses. Am J Emerg Med 2008; 26(2):148-54. Medline
|
|
I
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Pain relief using the visual analog scale score
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Galinski M., et al. A randomized double-blind study comparing morphine with fentanyl in prehospital analgesia. Am J Emerg Med 2005; 23:114-9. Medline
|
|
II
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Analgesia
|
Patient
|
PH-Paramedic
|
Ricard-Hibon A., et al. Compliance with a morphine protocol and effect on pain relief in out-of-hospital patients. J Emerg Med 2008; 34:305-10. Medline
|
|
III
|
Supportive (Green)
|
Pain rating
|
Patient
|
ED-MD
|
Coletta F, Pirolli R, Annunziata R, et al. Efficacy and Adverse Effects of IV Morphine for Burn Pain Management in the Emergency Department: An Observational Study. Pain Ther May 2024. Medline
|