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Breathlessness

Date Last Search Run: Jan 14, 2025
Table last updated: Dec 12, 2017
Data last added: May 02, 2016

Recommendation RECOMMENDATION FOR INTERVENTION
STRENGTH OF EVIDENCE FOR INTERVENTION   SUPPORTIVE (Green) NEUTRAL (Yellow) AGAINST (Red) NOT YET GRADED (White)
1 (strong evidence exists)      
2 (fair evidence exists)    
3 (weak evidence exists)      


Interventions

Opioids
Level Direction Primary Outcome Patient/Process Setting Reference
I Supportive (Green) Dyspnea score Patient In-Patient Ben-Aharon I., Gafter-Gvili A., Paul M., Leibovici L., Stemmer S. Interventions for Alleviating Cancer-Related Dyspnea: A Systematic Review. J of Clin Onc 2008; 26:14. Medline
I Supportive (Green) Dyspnea relief Patient In-Patient Navigante A., Cerchietti L., Castro M. Midazolam as Adjunct Therapy to Morphine in the Alleviation of Severe Dyspnea Perception in Patients with Advanced Cancer. J of Pain and Symp Mngmnt 2006; 31(1):38-47. Medline
II Supportive (Green) Dyspnea Patient In-Patient Clemens KE., Quednau I., Klaschik E. Use of oxygen and opioids in the palliation of dyspnoea in hypoxic and non-hypoxic palliative care patients: A prospective study. Support Care Cancer 2009; 17:367–77. Medline
II Supportive (Green) Dyspnea control Patient In-Patient Gomutbutra P., O’Riordan D., Pantilat S. Management of Moderate-to-Severe Dyspnea in Hospitalized Patients Receiving Palliative Care. J of Pain and Symp Mngmnt 2003; 45(5):885-91. Medline
II Supportive (Green) Improvement of dyspnea, oxygen saturation and respiratory rate Patient PH-Paramedic Wiese CH., Barrels UE., Graf BM., Hanekop GG. Out-of-hospital opioid therapy of palliative care patients with "acute dyspnoea": a retrospective multicenter investigation. J Opioid Manag 2009; 5(2):115-122. Meldine
III Supportive (Green) Reduction of cough Patient In-Patient An HJ., Kim IK., Lee JE., Kang YJ., Kim CH., Kim HK. Nebulized morphine for intractable cough in advanced cancer: Two case reports. J Palliat Med 2015; 18(3):278-81. Medline
III Supportive (Green) Dyspnea score Patient In-Patient Charles M., Reymond L., Mcouns F. Relief of Incident Dyspnea in Palliative Cancer Patients: A Pilot, Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing Nebulized Hydromorphone, Systemic Hydromorphone, and Nebulized Saline. J of Pain and Symp Mngmnt 2008; 36:1. Medline
III Supportive (Green) Family satisfaction Patient Hu W., Chiu T., Cheng S., et al. Morphine for Dyspnea Control in Terminal Cancer Patients: Is It Appropriate in Taiwan? J of Pain and Symp Mngmnt 2004; 28(4):356-63. Medline

Oxygen
Level Direction Primary Outcome Patient/Process Setting Reference
II Neutral (Yellow) Dyspnea Patient In-Patient Clemens KE., Quednau I., Klaschik E. Use of oxygen and opioids in the palliation of dyspnoea in hypoxic and non-hypoxic palliative care patients: A prospective study. Support Care Cancer 2009; 17:367–77. Medline


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